論文：論技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的主體屬性

目錄/提綱：……
一、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的本質(zhì)和內(nèi)涵
二、企業(yè)是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的主體
三、科研是技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的主力
四、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的關(guān)系
五、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體與農(nóng)業(yè)科研技術(shù)創(chuàng)造主力的關(guān)系
（一）做法
（二）成效
（三）經(jīng)驗
2、項目研究內(nèi)容全部來自農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)實踐，提高了農(nóng)業(yè)科研的針對性
3、項目的科研經(jīng)費全部投向農(nóng)業(yè)研發(fā)機構(gòu)（包括企業(yè)的研發(fā)機構(gòu)）
……
論文：論技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的主體屬性

劉波、丁中文、唐建陽、黃獻光
（福建省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院，福建，福州，350003）
摘要：“創(chuàng)新”不能簡單理解為“創(chuàng)造新的東西”，這個理解正是科學(xué)家對技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體是企業(yè)產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑的根源，因為，科學(xué)家是創(chuàng)造新的東西，企業(yè)家是利用新技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出新的產(chǎn)品。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是基于科學(xué)和技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的全過程，包括從概念（科學(xué)），設(shè)計（技術(shù)），產(chǎn)品（發(fā)明），市場（商機），相當(dāng)于創(chuàng)新（innovation）=[科學(xué)(discovery)+技術(shù)(invention)+產(chǎn)品(creation)+商品（production)+營銷（commercialization)]的全過程，即我們所說的從投資到回報的全過程。企業(yè)是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新“投資和收益”的主體，簡稱技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體�？蒲惺羌夹g(shù)創(chuàng)造的主力，科研人員是技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的主人。調(diào)整好農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體與農(nóng)業(yè)科研技術(shù)創(chuàng)造主力的關(guān)系，作者提出農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的5個80%，即，（1）80%農(nóng)業(yè)科研機構(gòu)必須與農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)結(jié)合；（2）80%農(nóng)業(yè)研究項目必須來源于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實踐；（3）80%農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)成果必須產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟效益；（4）80%農(nóng)業(yè)科研經(jīng)費必須投向農(nóng)業(yè)研發(fā)機構(gòu)（包括企業(yè)的研發(fā)機構(gòu)）；（5）80%農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)必須與農(nóng)業(yè)科研機構(gòu)聯(lián)合成立技術(shù)研發(fā)中心。作者還以福建省種業(yè)創(chuàng)新與產(chǎn)業(yè)化工程項目為例闡釋了農(nóng)業(yè)科研機制創(chuàng)新的完整過程。
Who is th
……（新文秘網(wǎng)http://jey722.cn省略946字，正式會員可完整閱讀）……　
+ commodities (production) + marketing (commercialization)] of the whole process, that we said from investment to return in the whole commercial process. Enterprise are the main body of technological innovation for "investment and income", being called for short of the main body of technological innovation. The research is the main technology to create. The technology creation is mainly made by scientists, who find somethings new in the e*istence and properties that remain unknown. Technology to create innovative and technological achievements, not simply copies of e*isting objects or repeat of previous programs and measures have been proposed. The relationship between enterprise in technological innovation and research in scientific technology is closely related. The technology creation is depends on the quality, competence and ways of thinking of the inventor to meet the social needs.Adjustment for technology innovation subjected with technology creation, the authors propose five 80% in the relations between technology innovation and technology creation, namely, (1) 80% of the agricultural research institutions must be combined with agricultural enterprises; (2) 80% of the agricultural research project must be derived from the practice of agricultural production; (3) 80% of the agricultural and technological achievements must generate economic benefits; (4) 80% of the funding for agricultural research must invest in agricultural R & D institutions (including R & D institutions in enterprises); (5) 80% of agricultural production enterprises must set up a joint R & D center with agricultural research institutions. An instance of innovative agricultural research mechanism is cited in the paper to discuss the implementation for the project of Fujian seedling innovation and industrialization.
一、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的本質(zhì)和內(nèi)涵
技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的“創(chuàng)新”之詞是個外來語，在英語中，創(chuàng)新是innovation，發(fā)現(xiàn)是discovery，發(fā)明是invention，創(chuàng)造是creation。不能把“創(chuàng)新”直接地理解為“創(chuàng)造新的東西”，這個理解正是科學(xué)家對技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體是企業(yè)產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑的根源，因為，科學(xué)家是創(chuàng)造新的東西，企業(yè)家是利用新技術(shù)生產(chǎn)出新的產(chǎn)品。從這個角度看問題就容易出現(xiàn)企業(yè)和科研單位誰是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體的爭論。其實，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是有特殊內(nèi)涵的，科學(xué)和技術(shù)并不是一回事，盡管科學(xué)和技術(shù)總 ……（未完，全文共9729字，當(dāng)前僅顯示2657字，請閱讀下面提示信息。收藏《論文：論技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與技術(shù)創(chuàng)造的主體屬性》）